The tablets with the Laws of Moses frequently appear on old Masonic symbol charges and tracing boards. It is sometimes accompanied by a rainbow. It does not have the same significance as the Bible.
Here you see them on a 26th degree Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite “floor cloth”:

A bit of a weird variety can be found in a 1748 French collection of rituals under “Chévalier Elú”.


Top: Dabrowski p. 178 “Masonic Symbols”
Middle: A. & A. R. The intermediate Degrees 19º – 29º A.C.F. Jackson (1982)
Bottom: Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Fonds Maçonnique, FM4 (76)