The image shows a broken column with the text “Adhuc Stat!” (“It stands still”) on a First Degree “Orient Board” of the French Rectified Scottish Rite. The same image was used in the Strict Observance.
In a 1764 Strikte Observanz catechism it says:
Q. What symbol do the apprentices have?
A. A pillar broken from above, but standing firm on its base, with the inscription: Adhuc stat.
Another text of the same year has a bit more information:
On this carpet we find the symbol of the apprentice: a pillar broken off from above with the inscription: Adhuc Stat, which is meant to indicate that even if the nobility and greatness of the order, just as the pillar, has been shattered and brought down by the destruction under Philippo Pulchro, the foundation has nevertheless remained, because it is still propagated in secret.
That exact text can still be found in the first degree of the French Rectified Scottish Rite.
The broken column/pillar sometimes refers to the destroyed Temple of King Solomon. In some lodges lectures are given from behind a broken column. The broken column has a general grave symbolism of an ended life. Sometimes a weeping lady (virgin) stands next to the pillar (often with a man behind her representing time). The latter image is sometimes a reference to the passing of Hiram.
In the Order of the Eastern Star, the broken column is the emblem of Martha. More about OES here.
Top: original design from the Strikte Observanz (1742-1782), nowadays a common design in the French Rectified Scottish Rite. I found this modern image on nos-colonnes.com
Middle: this image are often reproduced with small varieties. I think this particular image comes from The True Masonic Chart or Hieroglyphic Monitor by Jeremy L. Cross (1826)
Bottom: Ritual of the Eastern Star (1890)