A symbol from the first degree of the International Order of Odd Fellows, not Freemasonry, but a similar organisation.
A bow and arrows can also be found on the Dutch emblem of the 17th degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite.

There is an old, short, French ritual called “Les Antipodien” which’ tracing board contains a bow and arrows and a gun (see there for more information).
An arrow, a bow, a gun, to defend them [the master and two surveyors] during their work.

Top: general Odd Fellows symbol
Middle: In 2012 antiquarian Hondtong republished the collection of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite as they were presented to Prince Frederik in 1817.
Bottom: Bibliotheque Nationale de France – Fonds MaƧonnique – FM4 1047 J